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      句容二中9A Unit 2 語法講義

      發布時間:2016-8-20 編輯:互聯網 手機版

      一、Would rather….句型的用法

      1.我們先來看一下rather這個詞用法:

      rather用作表示程度的副詞,意為“相當”“太”,與very, quite, too同義,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如:This book is rather bad. 這本書相當差。

      rather和quite可用來修飾名詞,一般放在冠詞前面。

      That’s rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的畫。

      2.以下是重點:

      Would rather…than…意思是“寧愿….而不原,喜歡….而不喜歡!痹谑褂脮r,前面和后面都必須用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式應該在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not,疑問句將would提前。如:

      ★★★would rather 的主要句型有以下2種:

      ①、would rather (not) do sth. 寧愿(不)做某事

      ②、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 寧愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2. (在此句型中,如果兩個動詞相同則后面一個動詞可以省略。)

      例:①She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她寧可明天呆在家。

      I’d rather not tell you about it . 我寧愿不告訴你此事。

      ② I would rather have the red one than (have)the green one.我寧愿要紅的,而不要綠的。

      I would rather play football than watch TV. 我寧愿踢足球而不愿看電視。

      二、Prefer(=like…better)和prefer…to…的用法 :

      prefer 是動詞,它的過去式和過去分詞都是preferred .它的意思是“寧愿,更喜歡”,相當于like…better,后面跟名詞或代詞,也可接不定式或動名詞(短語)。

      ★★★prefer的重點句型有以下幾種:

      ①.prefer (not) to do sth. 寧愿(不)做某事= would rather (not) do sth.

      ②.prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 寧愿某人(不)去做某事

      ③. prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 寧愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.

      =would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2

      =prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (這種句型屬于第④種句型,to為介詞)

      ④prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜歡A,而不喜歡B

      (此句型中to為介詞,其中A和B 可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞或動名詞短語)

      例如:①She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜歡呆在家里。

      ②They preferred their son (not) to go to college.

      他們寧愿他們的兒子(不)去上大學。

      ③I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room.

      =I would rather look after the baby than clean the room

      ④ I prefer the town to the country.我喜歡城鎮而不喜歡農村。

      =I like the town better than the country.

      ⑤She prefers red to blue.她喜歡紅色,而不喜歡藍色。

      =She likes red better than blue.

      ⑥She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜歡唱歌,而不喜歡跳舞。

      =she likes singing better than dancing.

      =She prefers to sing rather than dance.

      =She would rather sing than dance.

      ⑦I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜歡呆在家里,而不喜歡到外面去。

      =I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays.

      =I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays.

      =I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.

      三、由some, any ,no, every.構成的復合不定代詞的用法

      ▲由some;any ;no 和every 可以與one ,body ,thing構成復合不定代詞,它們的用法與some. any 的用法相同。如:

      -some -any -no -every

      -body Somebody(有人,某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(沒有人) Everybody(每人,人人)

      -one Someone(有人,某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(沒有人) Everyone(人人,每人)

      -thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(沒有東西) Everything(一切,事事)

      Grammar (C) (D)

      C ‘someone/ somebody’,’ anyone/anybody’, and ‘no one/ nobody’

      以上幾個詞都是指代人的不定代詞,當我們不確定所談論的人的名字或不需要提及他的名字時,就可以用不定代詞來表示。

      1.someone/somebody 用來表示“某人”,常用于肯定句中。

      e.g. ①There is someone in the fitting room.

      ②Somebody wants to see you at the gate.

      2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時在肯定句或if條件狀語從句中要想表達“任何人”的含義時也用anyone/anybody。

      e.g. ①Anyone(who feels tired or weak) should wear red that makes you feel energetic.

      ②Has anybody come?

      ③There is not anyone in the room.

      ④Please tell me at once if anyone calls me.

      3. no one/ nobody 表示“沒有人”;“沒有任何人”。本身是否定詞,當然用于否定句中。no one 常用于書面語,nobody常用于口語中。(nobody = not anybody)

      E.g. ①No one has come.

      ②Nobody knows where he is.

      ◆注意:以上不定代詞在含義上都是單數,所以后面的動詞要用單數形式。

      e.g. ⑴Somebody has taken away the book.

      ⑵If anyone calls me, tell him I’ll come back soon.

      D ‘something, anything, nothing, none’

      something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代詞,something, anything, nothing 常指‘物’,代表不確定的某樣東西或不需要提起名字的某樣東西。 none 既可指代‘人’,也可指代‘物’。

      1.something 表示“某物”,常用于肯定句中。

      e.g. ①Simon has something in his bag.

      ②Something is wrong with my bike.

      2.anything常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時在肯定句中或if條件狀語從句中要想表達“任何東西”的含義時也用anything。

      e.g. ①For a better life, he will do anything.

      ②Did he find anything?

      ③She didn’t say anything about it.

      3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思,none 還可以和of連用,做主語或賓語。(具體區別請參與第四項)(nothing = not anything)

      e.g. ①I have nothing to say.

      ②None of us want(s)to go there.

      ③---Are there any cakes in the fridge? ----No, there is none left.

      ★★★學習時請特別注意以下幾點:

      1.以上不定代詞做主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式.

      Everything is ready, Let’s start our party.

      2.不定代詞被形容詞、動詞不定式修飾時, 該形容詞、動詞不定式要放在其后。

      There is nothing wrong with your computer.

      3.在表示請求、建議或邀請等期待一個肯定回答時,用some系列, 而不用any系列。

      ①Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表請求)

      ②Could you pass me something to drink?(表請求)

      ③Why not ask someone for help?(表建議)

      ④Aren’t you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答)

      你難道不打算為你兒子做點事嗎?

      4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑問句中,但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if條件從句中,表示“任何人(物)”的含義.

      Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(處罰)

      5.當句中有little, seldom, hardly,without等半否定意義的動詞、形容詞、介詞或如too…to等具有否定意義的其它結構時,通常用any系列詞項。如:

      ①I have finished it without anyone’s help. ②I am too busy to play with anybody.

      6.every系列一般用于肯定句中,如果用于否定句則表求部分否定(不完全否定)。如:

      Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每個人都喜歡吃三明治)

      7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代詞)出現的上下文中,要用復數人稱代詞與之對應。

      ①Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm.

      ②Everyone was running as fast as they could.

      8. 當陳述句的主語是指人的復合不定代詞(-one,-body)時,其反意疑問部分的主語用they,

      當陳述句的主語是指物的復合不定代詞(-thing)時,其反意疑問部分的主語用it.

      ①Everyone is here , aren’t they? 人都到了,是嗎?

      ② Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 一切準備好了,是嗎?

      ③Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ’t they? 有人在門口等我,是嗎?

      9.回答how many 或how much開頭的問句用 none, 回答who開頭的問句用 nobody 或no one

      回答what 引導的問句用nothing。如:

      ①---How many boys are there in the classroom? ---None.

      ②---Who is in the classroom ? --Nobody./No one.

      ③---What's she doing? ----Nothing.

      10.注意none, nothing, no one的區別: none 可以和of 連用,其它的不能和of連用;

      none 與all 反義。(詳見第四部分)

      以下為附加內容:

      四、none用法補充:none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范圍內,代替上下文已出現過的名詞。

      none可指沒有人或沒有東西,在句中作定主語或賓語。作主語時,謂語動詞可用單數。也可用復數。如:

      ①“How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“樹上有多少只鳥?”“一只也沒有”。

      ②“Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”.

      “教室里有學生嗎?”“一個也沒有!

      ③ I understood none of the questions. 這些問題我都不懂。

      ④ I wanted some ropes but there was none in my house .

      我需要幾根繩子,但家里一根繩子都沒有。

      ⑤“Are there any tomatoes left?”“No ,none at all.”

      “還有西紅柿剩下嗎?”“沒有,一點也沒有了!

      ⑥ None of them has come back yet. 他們中一個人也沒有回來。

      ⑦ I bought many books but none of them is about French.

      我買了很多書,但沒有一本是關于法語方面的。

      [注]none ,nothing 和no one 的區別; none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范圍內,代替上下文已出現過的名詞。Nothing表示“沒有什么東西”,只能指物,不能指人,同時沒有任何限制。No one 一般用來指人,使用時不受一定范圍的限制,后面一般不接引導的介詞短語.如:

      ①“Have you bought any clothes”? “None”.“你買衣服了嗎?”“一件沒買”。

      ②“Are there any birds in the tree now ?” “None”.“現在樹上有鳥嗎?”“一只也沒有。”

      ③“What is in the bag?” “Nothing” “袋子里有什么?”“什么也沒有。”

      ④“What did you buy yesterday?” “Nothing” “昨天你買什么了?”“沒有買什么”。

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