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      高考單項填空題結(jié)構(gòu)變化例析

      發(fā)布時間:2016-3-14 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

      作者:劉新會

      綜觀近年來高考單項填空題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者為了考查考生分析和解決問題的綜合能力,有意對試題題干進行"加工"處理,增設(shè)干擾信息,加大解題難度。筆者現(xiàn)結(jié)合高考試題,總結(jié)歸納單選試題結(jié)構(gòu)變化的六個特點,供高三學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時參考。

      一、相鄰成分分離化

      原本連在一起的句子成分經(jīng)過命題者的巧妙設(shè)置出現(xiàn)了分離現(xiàn)象。

      [考例]

      1. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

      A. that B. while C. which D. when

      析:本題題干相當長。當我們?nèi)サ糇鳡钫Z用的for these fans, this year, for the first time,及in years,去掉定語exciting則句子簡化成:It was a moment, ________ their team won the World Cup.顯然,這是一個表時間的非限制性定語從句,先行詞a moment與定語從句their team won the World Cup之間出現(xiàn)了分離現(xiàn)象,正確答案為D。

      二、多元結(jié)構(gòu)重疊化

      命題者為了綜合考查考生語言靈活運用能力,往往在試題中增設(shè)多元結(jié)構(gòu)。

      [考例]

      2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ with each other.

      A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled

      C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

      析:通過語境可知,此句為并列句,其中又含有否定詞never位于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用。答案為C。

      3. Only when your identity has been checked, ________ .

      A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in

      析:本題不僅帶有when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,又有only修飾狀語,屬句子結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝的現(xiàn)象。正確答案為D。

      三、固定結(jié)構(gòu)隱蔽化

      近年來高考對固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查趨于隱蔽,使得原本熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu)變得陌生,考生很容易錯選答案。

      [考例]

      4. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children.

      A. set up B. setting up

      C. have set up D. having set up

      析:本題考查固定搭配devote...to...(其中to為介詞,后接名詞/代詞或動名詞)不少考生抓住he had to并迅速選擇A。其實,此時had to與set up并不構(gòu)成固定搭配,因為he had為定語從句,修飾先行詞all, set up 應(yīng)與devote all...to...構(gòu)成固定搭配,故答案為B。

      四、簡單結(jié)構(gòu)句式化

      原本一些簡單的句子,由于增加句式或增添一些詞語,致使解題信息隱蔽含蓄。

      [考例]

      5. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are.

      A. one B. that

      C. what D. it

      析:本題原來是一簡單句:主語the ability,謂語是matters,句子為:The ability matters.意為:能力最要緊。題干之所以顯得繁雜是因為使用了強調(diào)句型,又有意增設(shè)不定式作ability的定語以及not where...or what...作句子的狀語,這樣不僅增加了考生理解題干的難度,給解題也造成了一定的障礙。答案為B。

      6. ________ role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.

      A. How interesting

      B. How an interesting

      C. What interesting

      D. What an interesting

      析:簡單的陳述句為:She played an interesting role in the film.通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換成為感嘆句。正確答案為D。

      五、省略成分復(fù)雜化

      有時為了避免重復(fù),使語言簡練緊湊,往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語,甚至一些重要語境信息,這給解題加大了難度。

      [考例]

      7.- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

      - ________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

      A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting

      析:本題的關(guān)鍵在于能否看出此題是個省略句,答語省略的部分為I always make you eat an egg every day,并且也是正確解題的重要信息,答案為C。動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。

      8. - What do you think made Mary so upset?

      - ________ her new bicycle.

      A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing

      析:本題答語為省略句,省略了謂語和復(fù)合賓語部分,補充完整為Losing her new bicycle( made Mary so upset ),動名詞短語作主語,故答案為C。

      六、插入成分多樣化

      插入成分位置靈活,形式多種多樣,這也使得原本簡單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化。

      [考例]

      9. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.

      A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

      析:該題插入部分as well as telephones的提前,目的就是迷惑考生 e-mail和telephones哪個是主語,依據(jù)語法規(guī)則,主語為E-mail,因此答案選A。

      10. -Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________ to go to university.

      -So do I.

      A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped

      析:該題中的插入成分working hard...lessons,其實應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,修飾the students,句子的主語是each,顯然缺少謂語動詞,又根據(jù)下文So do I. 所用的時態(tài),故答案選B。

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