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      定語從句易犯錯誤小議

      發布時間:2016-1-23 編輯:互聯網 手機版

      彭遠軍 佘君賢

        定語從句是高中英語的重點,也是歷年來高考的熱點,僅“3+綜合”NMET 2001單項填空中直接考定語從句的題就有2道,占該題型的13%。但是,由于定語從句的結構和用法比較復雜,初學者在使用時往往容易犯一些錯誤,最常見的有如下七種:

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        一、在定語從句中加了多余的定語。如:

        

        1.誤:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.

        正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.

        譯:我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。

        析:應刪去them,因為從句的賓語是省略了的whom, who或that。

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        2.誤:The book that you need it is in the library.

        正:The book that you need is in the library.

        譯:你需要的書在圖書館里。

        析:應刪去it,因為從句的賓語是關系代詞that。

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        二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、復數弄錯。如:

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        1.誤:Anyone who break the law will be punished.

        正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

        譯:任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。

        析:應改break為breaks,因為who指anyone,是單數。

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        2.誤:Those who has finished may go home.

        正:Those who have finished may go home.

        譯:做完了的人現在可以回家。

        析:應改has為have,因為who指those,是復數。

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        3.誤:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.

        正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

        譯:他是我們學校中唯一懂法語的人。

        析:應改know為knows,因為one前有the only之類限定詞,定語從句在意義上修飾的是the only one,是單數,而不是復數名詞the teachers。

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        4.誤:This is one of the rooms that is free now.

        正:This is one of the rooms that are free now.

        譯:這是目前空著的房間之一。

        析:應改is為are,因為one前沒有the only之類的限定詞,定語從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復數the rooms,而不是單數one。

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        三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關系代詞。如:

        

        1.誤:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

        正:Children who/?that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

        譯:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。

        析:應加上關系代詞who或that,因為從句少主語,且主語不能省略。

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        2.誤:The key opens the bike is missing.

        正:The key that/which opens the bike is missing.

        譯:開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。

        析:應加上關系代詞that或which,因為從句少主語,且主語不能省略。

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        四、定語從句中加了多余的關系副詞或介詞。如:

        

        1.誤:The house where he lives in needs repairing.

        正:The house where he lives needs repairing.

        或:The house he lives in needs repairing.

        譯:他住的房子需要修理。

        析:應保留where,刪去從句中的in,因為關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語,in屬多余。或刪去關系副詞where,因為where在這里的意思是in which,否則介詞in就重復了。

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        2.誤:I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.

        正:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

        或:I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

        譯:我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。

        析:應刪去on,因為when在這里的意思是on which,否則介詞on就重復了,或把when改為which。

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        五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點名詞后錯用了關系代詞或關系副詞。

        

        1.誤:I still remember the day when we spent together.

        正:I still remember the day that/which we spent together.

        譯:我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。

        析:應改when為that或which,因為從句中謂語動詞spent是及物動詞,其后應跟賓語而不是時間狀語。

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        2.誤:This is the house where we lived in last year.

        正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.

        譯:這是我們去年住過的那個房子。

        析:應改where為which或that,因為從句謂語動詞lived后有介詞in,其后少介詞賓語,而不是地點狀語。

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        六、在先行詞reason后錯用關系副詞why。如:

        

        1.誤:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?

        正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?

        譯:你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因?

        析:應改why為that或which,因為定語從句缺少主語,而不是少原因狀語。

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        2.誤:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.

        正:I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.

        譯:我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。

        析:應改why為that或which,因為從句謂語動詞has given后缺少賓語,而不是少原因狀語 。

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        七、誤將強調句型當定語從句。如:

        1.誤:It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

        正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.

        譯:大火發生在廚房。

        析:應將where改that,因為原句還原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強調句型,而非定語從句。

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        2.誤:Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?

        正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?

        譯:你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來?

        析:應將when改為that,因為,原句還原為Because it snowed last night, you didn’t come后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強調句型而非定語從句。

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