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      人教版 高三 復習教案第一冊Unit 13-14

      發布時間:2016-9-22 編輯:互聯網 手機版

      高三英語復習教案(7)

      (SB I-Units 13-14)

      一、單元考點提示

      1、單詞

      A as,at/in/on,like,president,news,death,consider

      B tired,well,consider,suggest,need,worry,stop,interest,

      不定代詞的修飾語

      2、短語

      A fight against,used to,no more than,become interested in,be against,set up,of one’s own,be free to do sth.,break away from,break out,join up,call for,for the second time

      B get along/get along with,be kind to,make fun of,anything else,tell a lie,at all,形容詞比較級表示最高級含義

      3、句型結構

      1.so+adj.(adv.)

      2.so+adj.+a(n)+單數可數名詞

      3.so+adj.(少數表示量的形容詞)+可數名詞復數(或不可數名詞)

      4.spend time/money on sth.

      5.spend time in doing sth.

      6.seem為連系動詞,其基本句型和用法

      二、考點精析與拓展

      I.單詞和詞組

      1、break 小結

      break 一詞常用搭配有:

      (1)break out(戰爭、火災、爭吵、瘟疫等)爆發

      A big fire broke out in the city last week.

      (2)break away from 脫離

      A carriage(車廂)broke away from the train.

      (3)break the law 違反法律

      Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.

      (4)break in 破門而入;打斷

      He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.

      (5)break down 損壞;中斷

      Her fridge has broken down for a long time.

      (6)break off 打斷;結束;暫停

      They were arguing(爭論)but broke off when someone came into the room.

      (7)break into闖入;侵入

      Thieves broke into my house when I was out.

      2.consider用法小結

      consider是個很常用的動詞,其意義不同,句型結構也不同。我們在學習中要特別注意。

      (1)作“仔細考慮、深思熟慮”解,consider可作不及物動詞或及物動詞。

      作及動詞時,后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語,不能接動詞不定式,但可以接疑問詞+不定式,相當于賓語從句。例如:

      Consider carefully before you decide.

      你要慎重考慮后再做決定。

      They considered your suggestion.他們仔細考慮了你的建議。

      He is considering studying abroad.他在考慮出國留學。

      We are considering how to help them.我們在考慮如何幫助他們。

      (2)作“將……視為、認為、以為”解。

      ①可用consider+名詞+(to be)名詞(形容詞)或consider+名詞+as+名詞(形容詞)結構,但當不定式為行為動詞時,不能省略,不可用于進行時。這樣用時相當于that引導賓語從句。例如:

      He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他認為自己很聰明。

      I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他視為我最親密的朋友。

      He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被認為是最早發明計算機的人。

      ②還可用于consider+it(形式賓語)+形容詞+不定式結構。例如:

      I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我認為學生抽煙是不對的。

      3.fight against;fight for

      fight with,fight against意為“為反對……而戰、與……作斗爭”,against 后面接的是反對的對象,如:

      They are fighting against their enemy.他們在與敵人作戰。

      Political leaders fought against slavery.政治領導們為了反對奴隸制度而斗爭。

      fight for 意為“為爭取……而斗爭、因為……而打架”。如:

      Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.兩只狗為搶一塊骨頭而打架,另一只狗把骨頭叼走了。

      fight with意為“同……(一起并肩)作戰、與……作戰”,它含有兩重意思,試比較:

      They fought with the Italian in the last war.他們在最后的這次戰爭中是與意大利人作戰。

      They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次戰爭中,他們和意大利聯合作戰反對法國。

      4.no more than;not more than;no more...than;not more...than

      no more than 意為“僅僅、只不過”,相當于only。它與數字連用時,意為“僅僅至多”,強調“少”,帶有說話者的感情色彩。如:

      I am no more than a teacher.我只是個教師而已。

      There were no more than two hospitals in this city before liberation.解放前,這座城市里只有兩家醫院(表示很少)

      not more than 后面接數詞時,表示“不超過、最多”的意思。用來說明情況,并含有“少”之意,也不帶有說話者的主觀色彩。如:

      There are not more than ten minutes left.最多只剩下10分鐘了。(表示客觀事實)

      “no more+形容詞(副詞)原級+than”意為“兩者同樣不”,前面和后面同時否定,帶有感情色彩。如:

      This tool is no more useful than that one.

      這件工具與那件工具一樣沒有用。(兩者都沒有用)

      “not more+形容詞(副詞)原級+than”意為“A不比B更……”。這是比較級的正規用法,表示比較的事實,兩者都肯定。如:

      This tool is not more useful than one.這樣工具不及那件工具有用。(兩者都有用)

      5.shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth.

      在shoot sb./sth.中,shoot為及物動詞,除了shoot the arrow(射箭)外,其賓語多為射擊的對象,即人或動物等。Shoot意為“打中、打死、槍決”。而在shoot at sb./sth.中,shoot為不及物動詞,at表示動作的方向或目標,打中與否不得而知。試比較:

      He shoot the bear.他打中了那只熊。

      He shoot at the bear.他朝那只熊射擊。

      6. finally at last, in the end.

      三者均有“最后、終于”的含義。

      finally常用于動詞之前,表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實現了,也可指一系列事物或論點的順序。例如:

      After putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經過三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。

      They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談論了幾個小時,最后決定不去。

      at last 有時可與finally互換,但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后,語氣更強烈。例如:

      When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當人們最終找到他時,他已經奄奄一息了。

      James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考試。

      in the end指經過許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后,某事才發生。例如:

      We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案,但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。

      7.used to ;would; be used to

      (1)used to 表示“過去慣常”,但“現在不做了”,指過去的習慣或狀態,to 為不定式符號,后跟動詞原形。有兩點須注意:

      ①否定式。used to do sth.的否定式有兩種形式:

      used not (usedn’t)to do sth.

      didn’t use to do sth.例如:

      He didn’t use to (usedn’t to)like country music,but now

      he is getting interested.

      ②疑問式。used to do sth.的疑問式也有兩種形式。其簡短回答中的to通常不予省略,但動詞原形常被省略。

      Did + sb.(主語)+ use to do sth.?

      Used + sb.(主語)+ to do sth.?

      Did he use to play basketball?

      Used he to play basketball?

      (2)would(可以)是will的過去式,也可表示習慣動作。

      ①would用于過去將來時。

      過去將來時的基本形式是:would+動詞原形,在英國英語中,主語是第一人稱時,would可換做should,第二、三人稱用would。

      I thought I would make lots of new friends.我曾認為我會交上許多新朋友。

      ②would表示過去習慣的動作。

      “would + 動詞原形”表示過去的習慣動作,與used to 同義,但與used to 有別。Used to do表示過去經常發生的動作或存在的狀態,同時隱含有“現在已經有所改變”的意思,而“would+do sth.” 可以用來表示“過去經常發生”,但不表示“過去存在的狀態”。

      She used to say“No pains,no gains”。

      她過去常說:“不勞而獲”。(used to可以換為would)

      I used to live in the countryside.我過去住在農村。(此句的used to不可用would換用)

      (3)be used to具有雙重含義:

      ①be used to是use sth.to do sth的被動形式,意為“被用來干某事”,to為不定式符號。例如:Rice may be used to make wine.

      ②be used to表示“習慣于……,”be可以換為get或become,表示“開始、變得習慣于……”,to 為介詞,其后接名詞、代詞或動詞作賓語。例如:

      I’m used to English food.

      8.pattern;model;example

      pattern“型、式樣、圖樣”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心設計出的圖樣或模型,也可指榜樣。如:

      Can you use the sentence pattern?他會用這個句型嗎?

      She is a pattern for us.她是我們學習的典范。

      model“模型、模范”,指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如:

      Have you seen his model ship?你看見過他的船模嗎?

      example “例子、榜樣”,主要指人及其行為和活動被他人信效。如:

      Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。

      9.Recently;lately

      兩者均可表示“近來、最近”,但用法不同。

      recently 是書面語,常被quite,just,but, very,only等詞所修飾,以加強語氣。主要用于肯定句中。如:

      He’s only recently begun billogy. 他只是最近才開始學生物。

      I didn’t know it until quite recently.我一直到最近才知道。

      Lately常用于口語,指與現在有聯系的一段時間,常見于否定句或疑問句中。如:

      I haven’t seen him lately.我近來沒有看到他。

      10.reply;answer

      reply和answer均可解作“回答、答道”,但用法有別。reply用做不及物動詞時,可用reply to sb./sth.;作及物動詞后跟直接引語或賓語從句,但不能直接跟人或物作賓語。如:

      Please reply to my question.請回答我的問題。

      He replied that he knew the news.他回答說他知道這消息。

      answer 用作及物動詞,可直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語,而reply應加to才可接名詞或代詞。如:

      He answered the examination paper quite well.他考卷答得很好。

      fail to reply to a question/letter未能回答問題/回信

      11.because;because of

      二者均表示“因為”,區別是:

      because是從屬連詞引導原因狀語從句;而because of是一個合成介詞,其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句組成介詞短語。如:

      I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因為下雨,而是因為我累了。

      Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。

      12.suggest+賓語從句

      suggest 在此意為“建議”,后面的賓語從句的謂語用了虛擬語氣,其結構是:should do或do,否定形式為:should not do或not do.如:

      I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south.

      我建議把李明派往南方。

      I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建議他今天先不要做。

      suggest只有作“建議”解時,后面才可以跟“should(not)+動詞原形”的形式,當suggest作“表明”解時不可以用此結構。如:

      His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表示他對我們的工作很滿意。

      同時,即使是suggest作“建議”解,在現代英語中,謂語也可以用其他形式。

      I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.我建議你假期不要邀他回家去。(句中用don’t ask,而沒有用should not ask或not ask)

      I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建議羅伯特去北京同吳先生談一談。(句中用might go而沒有用should go 或go)

      13.like 用法小結

      (1)like 用做動詞(及物)通常表示一般的“喜歡”,為口語用詞,詞意沒有love感情強烈,反義詞為hate。

      ①like + n.(pron.)

      Does Li Ming like bananas?李明喜歡吃香蕉嗎?

      Do you like it?你喜歡它嗎?

      ②like + v.-ing(動名詞)

      Do you like working in China?你喜歡在中國工作嗎?

      ③like + to + v.(不定式)

      I like to keep busy.我喜歡生活得緊張。

      ④would like(=would love)后接名詞、代詞或不定式,多用于有禮貌地提出要求,意為“想要、愿意”。

      Would you like something to drink?你想喝點什么嗎?

      I’d like two sweaters for my daughter.我要給我女兒買兩件運動衫。

      Would you like to come?你愿意來嗎?

      ⑤How do you like...?(=What do you think of...?)此句型用于詢問對方對某人(物)的看法,意為“你覺得 ……怎么樣?”

      How do you like China?你覺得中國怎么樣?

      (2)like 用做介詞,意為“像……一樣”,反義詞為unlike。

       ①like 后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。

      Don’t throw it like that .別那樣扔它。

      They’re round,like the moon.它們是圓的,像月亮一樣。

      Walking on the moon is just like flying .在月球上行走就像飛一樣。

      ②look like意為“看起來像……一樣”。

      It looks like a chicken.它看起來像一只雞。

      ③feel like+v-ing意為“想……”。

      I had a little,but I don’t feel like eating.我吃了一點,可我不想吃。

      ④What’s the weather like...?(=How’s the weather like...?)此句型用來詢問天氣情況,意為“……天氣怎么樣?”。

      What’s the weather like in Australia now?現在澳大利亞天氣情況怎么樣?

      II 句型

      1.As a child….:As/When he was a child…,小的時候,該句型中的as為連詞,意為“在……的時候”,引導時間狀語從句。當從句與主句主語一致,且從句謂語為be時,可將從句主語及be省略。

      ①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學的時候,史密斯教授對數學就很感興趣。

      ②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時候,他就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。

      2.do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.盡某人的所能做某事

      all 后面為that 所引導的定語從句,that在從句中作賓語已被省略;can后面為避免重復省略了do;后面的to do sth.為不定式(短語)作目的狀語。all(that)sb.can(do)相當于賓語從句what sb.can(do)。

      ①I’ll do all I can to help you.我將盡力幫助你。

      ②He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他盡了最大努力來提高英語口語水平。

      3.no more than:only僅僅;只有。具有感情色彩,強調“少”。與no less than 相對。

      Not more than:less than;at most不到;至多。說明客觀事實。與not less than相對。

      ①He has no more than 20 yuan.他只有20元錢。(強調錢“少”)

      He has not more than 20 yuan.他有不到20元錢。(說明客觀事實)

      ②No less than 50 people attended the meeting.參加會議的人不少于50多個。(強調“多”)

      Not less than 50 people attended the meeting.參加會議的有50多人。(說明客觀事實)

      注意:no用于比較級之前總含有感情色彩;not用來否定比較級則只說明客觀事實。

      ①you are no taller than I.你并不比我高。(我們兩人都矮)

      you are not taller than I.你不如我高。

      ②This question is no more diffcult than that one.這個問題并水比那個(容易的)問題難。

      This question is not more diffcult than that one.這個問題不如那個問題難。

      4.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected president….1860年林肯被選為總統。

      president/chairman/head/captain/director/mornitor等表示頭銜、職位的名詞,在用作同位語、補語或表語時,前面通常不加冠詞。

      5.suggest vt.建議;提議。有三種常用句式(但不能說suggest sb.to do sth.)。

      (1)suggest sth.

      ①Who suggested the plan?誰提出的這項計劃?

      ②She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他提議在上海會面。

      (2)suggest doing sth.(不能接不定式)

      ①He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提議午飯后去河里游泳。

      ②I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建議盡快和他談。

      (3)suggest than……此時的賓語從句通常用虛擬語氣,即謂語用“should+原形”,should可以省略。

      ①I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建議簡馬上出發。

      ②I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建議杰克不要穿背心。

      ③We suggested he be punished.我們提議懲罰他。

      注意:suggest當“表明;暗示”講時后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。

      ①The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.臉上的微笑說明她很高興。

      ②His silence suggested that he didn’t agree with us.沉默不語表明他不同意我們的意見。

      6.向別人提建議時常用的句型。

      ①Why don’t you do sth.……?你怎不……?

      ②Why not do sth.?(上句的省略)為什么不……?

      ③You’d better do sth.你最好是……。

      例如:

      ①Why don’t you ask them to help you?你怎么不叫他們幫助你呢?

      ②Why not/don’t you go for a walk with them?為什么不和他們一塊去散步呢?

      ③You’d better go to see a doctor this afternoon.你最好下午去看醫生。

      7.What do you think I should do?你認為我該怎么辦?

      其中的do you think看作插入語,相當于what should I do,do you think?

      ①I think Tom is the best student in our class.我認為湯姆是我們班最好的學生。劃線Tom 提問則得:Who do you think is the best student in our class?你認為誰是我們最好的學生?

      (不能說:Do you think who is the best student in our class?)

      ②What do you think is going to happen next?你認為下一步要發生什么事。

      ③Which way do you think is better?你認為哪個方法較好呢?

      三、經典名題導解

      題1(上海 2000)

      -Excuse me,may I ask you some questions?

      -Sorry.I’m too busy and haven’t even a minute to______.

      A.spend B.spare C.share D.stop

      分析:B。spare為“抽出時間”的意思,其他詞意均不符合本題。

      題2(NMET 1993)

      Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ the first computer.

      A.to invent B.inventing

      C.to have invented D.having invented

      分析:C。is considered to(=is thought to...)被認為……,句中的consider不作“考慮”講,所以排除B,D兩選項。Invent的動作發生在過去,即is considered之前,所以應用完成時。

      題3(NMET 2000)

      It was an exciting moment for these tooball fans this year,______for the first time in years their team won the world cup.

      A.that B.while C.which D.when

      分析:D。分析該題句子結構可以看到前后句意完整,而后句意為“數年里是今年頭次贏得世界杯”。this year在后句中作狀語,所有應選擇表時間的關系副詞when。

      題4(上海 2000)

      Our English teacher______our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary.

      A.asked B.ordered C.suggested D.required

      分析:C。ask,order,require后面接不定式,suggest后面接動名詞。

      題5 (NMET 2002)

      It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.

      A.it what to do with B.what to do it with

      C.what to do with it D.to do what with it

      分析:C。該題考查“疑問句+不定式”短語用法,動詞短語do with,多與what連用構成特殊疑問,What do you do with it?其中it作介詞with的賓語,do也是一個及物動詞,它的賓語就是疑問詞what引導的從句。在本題是what to do with it 作knows的賓語。

      題6 (NMET 1997)

      -Alice ,why didn’t you come yesterday?

      -I_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.

      A.had B.would C.was going to D.did

      分析:C。從四個選項看,A項不符合語法邏輯。D項不符合邏輯。B項后加have,表示與過去事實相反的虛擬,則是對的。

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