構(gòu)成形式
非第三人稱單數(shù):Subject （主語）have been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
第三人稱單數(shù):Subject （主語）has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
基本句型
肯定句 主語+have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他
否定句 主語+haven’t/hasn‘t+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他
一般疑問句 have/has+主語+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他
肯定回答：Yes.主語+have/has 否定回答：No.主語+haven't/hasn't
1） 表示一個(gè)在過去開始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一個(gè)從過去開始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動(dòng)，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下)
Jack has been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
標(biāo)志:1.句中常有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，2.時(shí)間點(diǎn)前有since。